Atmospheric and Surface Water Pollution Interpretation in the Gdańsk Beltway Impact Range by the Use of Multivariate Analysis     

Aleksandra Dubiella‐Jackowska  Aleksander Astel  aneta Polkowska  Wojciech Staszek  B&#x;aej Kud&#x;ak  Jacek Namienik 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(9):865-876

The present study deals with the application of the hierarchical cluster analysis and non‐parametric tests in order to interpret the Gdańsk Beltway impact range. The data set represents concentration values for major inorganic ions (Na⁺, NH, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, F⁻, Cl⁻, NO, and SO) as well as electrolytic conductivity and pH measured in various water samples [precipitation, throughfall water, road runoff, and surface water (drainage ditches, surface water reservoirs, and spring water)] collected in the vicinity of the beltway. Several similarity groups were discovered both in the objects and in the variables modes according to the water sample. In the majority of cases clear anthropogenic (fertilizers usage and transport, road salting in winter) and semi‐natural (sea salt aerosols, erosion of construction materials) impacts were discovered. Spatial variation was discovered for road runoff samples and samples collected from surface water reservoirs and springs. Surprisingly no clear seasonal variability was discovered for precipitation chemistry, while some evidences for existing of summer and winter specific chemical profile was discovered for road runoff samples. In general, limited range of the Gdańsk Beltway impact was proven.  相似文献   

Alongshore variability of cross‐shore bar behavior on a nontidal beach          下载免费PDF全文

Florin Tătui  Alfred Vespremeanu‐Stroe  Gerben B. Ruessink 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(14):2085-2097

We report on a 6‐year nearshore bathymetric dataset from the Danube Delta (Romanian Black Sea coast) that comprises 16 km of erosive, stable and accumulative low‐lying micro‐tidal beaches northward of Sf. Gheorghe arm mouth. Two to three two‐dimensional longshore sandbars exhibit a net multi‐annual cyclic (2.8–5.5 years) offshore migration (20–50 m yr^?1) in a similar way to other coasts worldwide. Bar morphology and behavior on the sediment‐rich accretionary (dissipative) sector differ substantially from that on the erosive (intermediate) sector. Shoreface slope is the most important factor controlling sandbar number and behavior. It determines different wave‐breaking patterns in the surf zone, translated into different offshore sediment transport and bar zone widths along the study site. Additionally, sediment availability, as a result of the distance from the arm mouth and of the long‐term evolution of the coast, controls the sandbar volume variability. These are all ultimately reflected in the variations of sandbar migration rates and cycle periods. A non‐dimensional morpho‐sedimentary parameter is finally presented, which expresses the bar system change potential as offshore sediment transport potential across the bar zone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

新疆地区县(市)地震应急能力指标体系的建立与区域差异初探   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘军  苏桂武  孙甲宁  宋立军  邓砚  齐文华  谭明 《震灾防御技术》2016,11(4):814-822

从新疆地区地震活动性、灾害背景及区域协同联动应急模式出发,在遵循科学性、系统优化和可操作性及区域特性等原则的基础上,采用层次分析法建立了县级行政单元的地震应急能力评价指标体系;继而建立了基于基础设施条件、基础人力物力财力、(县级)专项能力和专项经验及基础环境背景4个一类指标集的县(市)绝对地震应急能力综合评价模型,并根据新疆地区4类人员问卷调查资料,计算和分析了样本支持条件下各指标的权重及结果,将其应用在新疆地区县(市)地震应急能力等级划分中。结果表明,地震应急能力的空间分布格局的产生与区域经济发展水平和地理位置等方面所具备的优势是相适应的,安居富民工程对提升区域地震应急能力发挥了重要作用,少数民族聚集区应急能力有待加强,寒旱、高海拔地区等特殊地理因素影响不可忽视。  相似文献   

敦密断裂带盆地群油页岩特征及成矿差异分析     

刘招君  孙平昌  柳蓉  孟庆涛  胡菲 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(4):1090-1099

古近纪敦密断裂带上分布一系列的含油页岩盆地群。根据盆地间构造-沉积充填、岩石组合和油页岩赋存特征,初步确认盆地群中油页岩沉积于湖盆鼎盛阶段,均形成于古近系始新统路特阶。盆地群间油页岩矿床特征存在明显的差别,由西南向东北,油页岩厚度逐渐变小,其沉积环境由深湖到半深湖,再到湖沼,而有机质来源则由湖泊生物为主,到湖泊生物和陆源有机质双向来源,过渡为以陆源高等植物为主。结合含油页岩层系形成于同一时期和相似的古气候背景下,盆地沉降和沉积充填作用是影响油页岩矿床差异的关键因素。长期处于欠补偿环境,可容纳空间大的湖盆利于巨厚油页岩的形成,随着可容纳空间的减少、陆源碎屑供给的增多,油页岩厚度减薄,分布也变得相对局限。深湖和湖沼成因油页岩品质较好,半深湖油页岩品质较差。  相似文献   

技术关联与城市产业增长研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

刘鑫  贺灿飞 《地理研究》2016,35(4):717-730

动态外部性对于城市产业增长具有显著影响,考察技术关联与城市产业增长之间的关系,并结合产业特征和区域特征构建产业—空间新增长模型,探讨技术关联对城市产业增长的影响机制。采用1998-2008年中国工业企业数据库的数据,研究发现产业特征和区域特征与技术关联存在相互作用,技术密集型产业的技术关联显著促进产业增长,此外东部地区技术关联越高,产业增长越迅速。研究表明,技术关联对城市产业增长的影响具有显著的促进作用,且在不同产业内部和不同区域间存在显著差异。  相似文献   

Land cover classification by an artificial neural network with ancillary information     

Giles M. Foody 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):527-542

Abstract

Remote sensing is an important source of land cover data required by many GIS users. Land cover data are typically derived from remotely–sensed data through the application of a conventional statistical classification. Such classification techniques are not, however, always appropriate, particularly as they may make untenable assumptions about the data and their output is hard, comprising only the code of the most likely class of membership. Whilst some deviation from the assumptions may be tolerated and a fuzzy output may be derived, making more information on class membership properties available, alternative classification procedures are sometimes required. Artificial neural networks are an attractive alternative to the statistical classifiers and here one is used to derive a fuzzy classification output from a remotely–sensed data set that may be post–processed with ancillary data available in a GIS to increase the accuracy with which land cover may be mapped. With the aid ancillary information on soil type and prior knowledge of class occurrence the accuracy of an artificial neural network classification was increased by 29–93 to 77–37 per cent. An artificial neural network can therefore be used generate a fuzzy classification output that may be used with other data sets in a GIS, which may not have been available to the producer of the classification, to increase the accuracy with which land cover may be classified.  相似文献   

Multi‐scale spatiotemporal analyses of moose–vehicle collisions: a case study in northern Vermont     

Giorgos Mountrakis 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):1389-1412

Moose–vehicle collisions (MVCs) pose a serious safety and environmental concern in many regions of Europe and North America. For example, in the state of Vermont, one‐third of all reported MVCs resulted in motorist injury or fatality while collisions have increased from two in 1982 to 164 in 2002. Our work used a MVC dataset from 1983 to 1999 in the Northeastern Highlands of Vermont (four major roads) to perform space, time and spatiotemporal analyses and guide future mitigation strategies. An adapted kernel density estimator was implemented for exploratory analyses to detect high density collision hotspots on roads. The kernel in space showed seven major density peaks which varied in magnitude and spread between roads. The kernel estimator in time for all roads showed an exponentially increasing trend with annual periodicity and a seasonal cyclic component, where the majority of collisions occurred from May to October. Spatiotemporal kernel estimation exhibited discontinuous density hotspots in time and space suggesting changing animal movement patterns across roads. We used an adapted Ripley's K‐function to test the hypothesis that MVCs clustering occurred at multiple scales in space, in time and in space–time combined. Statistically significant spatial clustering was evident on all roads at spatial scales from 2 to 10 km. A more consistent clustering in time occurred on all roads at a scale distance of 5 years. Similar to the kernel estimation, annual periodicity was also evident. Positive space–time clustering was present at small spatial (5 km) and temporal scales (2 years) indicating that where MVCs occur is also influenced by when they occur. In retrospect, using multiple road lengths, and the combined kernel estimation and Ripley's K‐function in time and space, provided a powerful methodology to study varying spatiotemporal patterns of wildlife collisions along roads. This can greatly assist transportation planners in identifying optimal mitigation strategies along specific roads, such as deciding on location and spatial length for permanent and expensive measures (e.g. crossing structures and associated fencing) versus less permanent and inexpensive structures (e.g. wildlife signage and reduced speed limits).  相似文献   

Geostatistical approaches to refinement of digital elevation data     

Jingxiong Zhang  Tao Zhu  Yunwei Tang  Wangle Zhang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):181-189

Data refinement refers to the processes by which a dataset’s resolution, in particular, the spatial one, is refined, and is thus synonymous to spatial downscaling. Spatial resolution indicates measurement scale and can be seen as an index for regular data support. As a type of change of scale, data refinement is useful for many scenarios where spatial scales of existing data, desired analyses, or specific applications need to be made commensurate and refined. As spatial data are related to certain data support, they can be conceived of as support-specific realizations of random fields, suggesting that multivariate geostatistics should be explored for refining datasets from their coarser-resolution versions to the finer-resolution ones. In this paper, geostatistical methods for downscaling are described, and were implemented using GTOPO30 data and sampled Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data at a site in northwest China, with the latter’s majority grid cells used as surrogate reference data. It was found that proper structural modeling is important for achieving increased accuracy in data refinement; here, structural modeling can be done through proper decomposition of elevation fields into trends and residuals and thereafter. It was confirmed that effects of semantic differences on data refinement can be reduced through properly estimating and incorporating biases in local means.  相似文献   

用相关分析法检测两种地震计性能及记录数据差异   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔庆谷  安晓文  邓存华  蔡绍平 《地震研究》2011,34(3):313-316

阐明利用同点记录数据相关性检测两种地震计性能及记录数据差异的方法,并用两台经过测试且性能相同的FBS - 3B型地震计进行验证,最后用该方法检测了STS -2、KS - 2000型地震计的高频段性能及记录数据差异.  相似文献   

基于频率差异的多次波识别     

潘军  王修田 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):146-150

从简化的海洋地震勘探的基本模型出发,根据一次波和多次波的传播所经介质品质因子的不同,通过理论分析和数值实验证明了随着传播时间的增加,一次波的主频可明显低于同一时间段的海水鸣震主频;提出了将多次波的传播时间和相应主频结合起来判别多次波的"时间-频率识别模式"。实际资料的处理实验表明:与传统的"时间识别模式"相比,基于"时间-频率识别模式"的多次波衰减,可在压制多次波的同时较好地保持有效信号的基本特征。  相似文献